- Ahmose, Son of Ebana (Navy captain) – c1535 BCE
- Fought under Ahmose I in campaigns trying to expell the Hyksos from Egypt
- Fought under Amenhotep I and Thutmose I in Nubia and Syria
- Won many “Gold of Valour” awards and tracts of land for bravery
- Recorded his exploits on his tomb walls
- Fought under Amenhotep I and Thutmose I in Nubia and Syria
- Amenemhet I (King) – c1991-1962 BCE
- Reunited Upper and Lower Egypt
- Built the defensive Walls of the Prince on the eastern side of the Delta
- Sent two military expeditions into Nubia, extending Egyptian control to the Second Cataract
- Established a new capital at Itj-tawy
- Built several temples
- Established the worship of Amun throughout Egypt
- Built the defensive Walls of the Prince on the eastern side of the Delta
- Amenemhet III (King) – c1842-1797 BCE
- Regulated the flow of the floodwaters into the Faiyum and reclaimed much agricultural land
- Promoted the use of nilometers to determine the height of flooding in a year
- Built two pyramids – at Dahshur and Hawarâ
- Built the Labyrinth mortuary temple
- Extended Egypt’s boundary south to the Third Cataract
- Brought stability and security to Egypt
- Protected Egypt’s interests in the Sinai Peninsula torquoise mines
- Promoted the use of nilometers to determine the height of flooding in a year
- Amenhotep III (King) – c1886-1849 BCE
- Ended a revolt in Kush
- Kept peace in the Egyptian Empire and with foreign rulers
- Promoted international trade
- Refurbished many temples and monuments
- Built a temple to Amun at Thebes
- Ordered the building of reclining sphinxes
- Built a mortuary temple at Thebes on the west bank
- Built a huge palace at Malkata
- Kept peace in the Egyptian Empire and with foreign rulers
- Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (King) – c1350-1334 BCE
- Changed the Egyptian religion from the worship of Amun-Re to that of the Aten
- Proclaimed himself the mediator between humans and the Aten
- Built a new capital north of Thebes, calling it Akhetaten
- Kept the correspondence from his subjects at this new capital
- Proclaimed himself the mediator between humans and the Aten
- Cleopatra VIII (Queen) – c51-30 BCE
- Fled to Syria on discovering a plot against her
- Supported by Julkius Caesar, defeated the plotters
- First Ptolemy to learn the Egyptian language
- Joined the Egyptians in worshiping their gods
- After Caesar’s death, won the affection and support of Marc Anthony
- Lost a sea battle at Actium to Octavius
- Committed suicide
- Supported by Julkius Caesar, defeated the plotters
- Djoser (King) – c2668-2649 BCE
- Kept Upper and Lower Egypt unified and peaceful
- Ordered the building of the Step Pyramid, which set a precedent for future pyramids
- Harkhuf (Caravan leader, explorer, trader, local governor) – c2275 BCE
- Led four trading expeditions into Nubia and farther south
- Successfully aided Nubia in a battle with a neighbouring enemy
- Brought back a pygmy from Punt
- Successfully aided Nubia in a battle with a neighbouring enemy
- Hatshepsut (Female king) – c1498-1483 BCE
- Claimed the heredity rights to rule Egypt
- Had her tomb built in the Valley of the Kings
- Restored maritime trade with Punt
- Ordered the construction of a mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri
- Ordered other temples to be built
- Had four giant obelisks erected at Karnak
- Had her tomb built in the Valley of the Kings
- Horemheb (King) – c1321-1293 BCE
- Reinstated the priesthood of Amun-Re
- Led expeditions into Syria and Nubia
- Restored trade relations with the South and the East
- Issued the Horemheb Edict to address the abuses suffered by the poor
- Reestablished Memphis as the political capital of Egypt
- Inaugurated a building programme, including a hypostyle honouring Amun-Re
- Led expeditions into Syria and Nubia
- Imhotep (Architect, physician) – c2700–2649 BCE
- Designed the Step Pyramid
- Worshiped eventually as the god of medicine because of his skill as a physician
- Khufu (King) – c2589–2566 BCE
- Sent campaigns into Nubia
- Maintained control of the mines in the Sinai Peninsula
- Kept Egypt a unified nation
- Built the Great Pyramid at Ziza
- Maintained control of the mines in the Sinai Peninsula
- Nebhepetre Mentuhotep I (King) – c2060–2010 BCE
- Reunified Upper and Lower Egypt
- Sent military expeditions into Nubia, Sinai Peninsula, and Libya
- Annexed northern Nubia
- Opened trade routes between Nubia and Egypt
- Promoted the arts
- Built a huge temple-tomb for himself at Deir el Bahri
- Sent military expeditions into Nubia, Sinai Peninsula, and Libya
- Nefertari (Queen) – fl. c1270 BCE
- Gave support to her husband Ramesses II
- Being his favourite wife, a temple in her honour built at Abu Simbel by the king
- Her tomb complex in the Valley of the Queens the most splendid uncovered so far
- Being his favourite wife, a temple in her honour built at Abu Simbel by the king
- Nefertiti (Queen) – c1345 BCE
- Aided her husband Akhenaten in changing the Egyptian religion
- Also aided him in overseeing the building of the new capital
- Encouraged the new art form, the Amarna style
- Also aided him in overseeing the building of the new capital
- Pepi II (King) – c2278-2184 BCE
- Longest ruling Egyptian monarch
- Sent trading expeditions into Nubia and Punt
- Expanded trade to the south and east
- Kept the economy stable
- Had Pyramid Texts carved into the walls of his tomb
- Sent trading expeditions into Nubia and Punt
- Ptahhotep (Visier, writer of maxims) – c2400 BCE
- Author of Instructions, a set of thirty-seven maxims, which was used as a text for hundreds of years
- Ranmesses II (King) – c1279-1212 BCE
- Reconquered Palestine and Syria
- Signed a peace treaty with the Hittite king
- Ordered a line of garrisons to be established along the western edge of the Delta
- Improved trade relations with several neighbours
- Oversaw a building programme, including the hypostyle hall at Karnak and his mortuary temple at Abydos
- Ordered two temples cut into the rocks at Abu Simbel
- Ordered the building of the Ramesseum mortuary temple near the Valley of the Kings
- Ordered his tomb complex and one for his children built in the Valley of the Kings
- Signed a peace treaty with the Hittite king
- Ramesses III (King) – c1182-1151 BCE
- Defeated the Libyans twice
- Defeated the Sea Peoples preparing to invade Egypt
- Won against the Sea Peoples the first recorded naval battle
- Built a huge mortuary temple at Medinet Habu
- First recorded union strike during his reign
- Involved in a harem conspiracy
- Defeated the Sea Peoples preparing to invade Egypt
- Rekhmire (Vizier) – c1460 BCE
- Served during the rules of Thutmose III and Amenhotep
- Was in charge of collecting tributes, gifts, and taxes
- Built a tomb at Sheikh Abd el Qurna
- Left on his tomb a list of the duties of a vizier
- Was in charge of collecting tributes, gifts, and taxes
- Senenmut (Adviser to Hatshepsut, chief steward, architect, tutor) – c1495 BCE
- Responsible for the design and the construction of the temple at Deir el Bahri
- Oversaw the obelisk erection at Karnak
- Oversaw the distribution of items imported from Punt
- Oversaw the obelisk erection at Karnak
- Senwosret I (King) – c1971-1928 BCE
- Established forts in Nubia to protect Egyptian interests there
- Secured access to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai
- Extended control over the five oases in the western desert
- Stopped Libyan incursions into Egypt
- Promoted trade with Syria and Palestine
- Oversaw a huge building programme
- Secured access to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai
- Senwosret III (King) – c1878-1841 BCE
- Sent several military expeditions into Nubia
- Ordered fortresses built south of the Second Cataract
- Had a canal rebuilt around the First Cataract
- Revamped the central government
- Divided Egypt into three districts, each under a vizier
- Decreased the power of nomarchs
- Ordered fortresses built south of the Second Cataract
- Seti I (Vizier, Military commander, King) – c1291-1278 BCE
- Vizier and military commander-in-chief under Ramesses I
- Defeated Shasu opposition in the Sinai Peninsula
- Led successful military compaigns in Palestine and Syria
- Led a battle with the Hittites, settling the northern boundary
- Ended Libyan raids into Egypt
- Led a successful expedition against the Kushites
- Inaugurated a massive building programme
- Built a mortuary temple at Qurna
- Built a temple to himself and six deities at and another to his father Abydos
- Rebuilt the Osireion
- Built the grandest tomb thus far discovered in the Valley of the Kings
- Defeated Shasu opposition in the Sinai Peninsula
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- Snefru (King) – c2613-2589 BCE
- Led campaigns into Nubia and Libya
- Subdued tribes in the Sinai Peninsula
- Supported trade with Byblos, Phoenicia
- Responsible for finishing Huni’s pyramid at Meidum
- Built the Bent and Red Pyramids at Dahshur
- Subdued tribes in the Sinai Peninsula
- Thutmose III (King) – c1504-1450 BCE
- Brought the Syria-Palestine area under Egyptian control
- Extended the Egyptian boundary to the Euphrates
- Defeated the Mitannians
- Established the Egyptian Empire
- Extended the southern boundary to the Fourth Cataract
- Rebuilt many temples and other buildings
- Brought peace to Egypt and lands under its control
- Encouraged trade expeditions
- Obtained wealth from tributes and gifts from conquered lands and allies
- Extended the Egyptian boundary to the Euphrates
- Tiye (Queen) – c1370 BCE
- Mother of six children, including Amenhotep IV
- Won the respect of Egyptians and foreign rulers of allied nations and areas under Egyptian rule
- Tutankhamen (King) – c1334-1325 BCE
- Left Akhetaten and had Memphis the capital for political matters and Thebes for religious matters
- Reinstated the worship of Amun-Re and traditional Egyptian gods
- Rebuilt many religious structures
- Promoted international trade
- Reinstated the worship of Amun-Re and traditional Egyptian gods
- Weni (Uni) (Judge, general, governor, expedition leade) – c2300 BCE
- Served three kings in administrative positions
- Investigated a plot involving a royal wife
- Led successful military expeditions into the Sinai Peninsula and southern Palestine
- Led trading expeditions into Nubia
- Organized the digging of five canals alongside the First Cataract to transport stone for the building of the pyramids
- Investigated a plot involving a royal wife