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About the time of the Renaissance in Europe, the mosque libraries began to decline. There was internal vandalism, for one thing. With the Arab-Muslim world under the rule of the Ottoman Turks, there was a decline in Muslim learning and scholarship. Muslims began to feel that scientific and secular books were harmful to religious dogma.
External non-Islamic forces looted mosques and destroyed books. European scholars and book-dealers purchased or stole Islamic books for their own purposes. There was carelessness, neglect, and ignorance among the Muslims themselves. Internal disputes and civil and sectarian unrest took their toll.
Some collections became infested with worms and vermin. Some were destroyed by dirt, dust, and moths. Such natural disasters as flood, earthquake, and fire destroyed more.
