| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Suborder: | Histricomorpha |
| Family: | Echimyidae |
- Genus
- species – Common Name
- Carterodon
- sulcidens – ??
- Clyomys
- bishopi, laticeps – ??
- Dactylomys
- boliviensis, dactylinus, peruanus – Coro-coro
- Diplomys
- caniceps, labilis, rufodorsalis – ??
- Echimys
- blainvillei, braziliensis, chrysurus, dasythrix, grandis, macrurus, nigrispinus, saturnus, semivillosus, unicolor – Arboreal Spiny Rat
- Euryzygomatomys
- spinosus – Guiara
- Heteropsomys Boromys
- offella, torrei – ??
- Heteropsomys Brotomys
- contractus, voratus – ??
- Heteropsomys Heteropsomys
- antillensis, insulans – ??
- Hoplomys
- gymnurus – Armored Rat
- Isothrix
- bistriata, picta, villosa – Toro
- Kannabateomys
- amblyonyx – Rato de Taquara
- Lonchothrix
- emeliae – ??
- Makalata
- armata – ??
- Mesomys
- didelphoides, hispidis, obscurus – ??
- Proechimys Proechimys
- brevicauda, canicollis, cuvieri, goeldii, guairae, guyannnsis, hendeei, hoplomyoides, longicaudatus, oris, quadruplicatus, semispinosus, steeri, warrreni – Spiny Rat
- Proechimys Trinomys
- albispinus, dimidiatus, iheringi, myosuros, setosus – Spiny Rat
- Thrinacodus
- albicauda, edax – ??
- Trichomys
- apereoides – Punaré
