- François Vieta (1540-1603)
- Born in France.
- He improved on the systemization of algebra in symbolic terms.
- He expounded on mathematical applications of trigonometry.
- He iniatiated the study of number theory as an independent branch of mathematics.
- Vincenzo Vivieani (1622-1703)
- Born in Italy.
- He explained how an angle can be trisected by the aid of the equilateral hyperbola or the conchoid.
