- Menaechmus (ca. 380 – ca. 320 BCE)
- Born in Greece.
- He dicovered conic sections.
- He wrote about the foundations and mechanics of geometry.
- Nicholas Mercator (ca. 1619 – 1687)
- Born in Denmark.
- he explained applications of logarithms to trigonometry.
- He made the distinction between rational and irrational numbers.
- Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754)
- Born in France.
- He formulated game theory, reconstituted probability theory, and set business of life insurance on a firm statistical basis.
- Gaspard Monge (1746-1818)
- Born in France.
- He was the founder of descriptive geometry.
- He applied analysis to infinitesimal geometry.
- He introduced lines of curvature and the congruence of straight lines.
- He established the distinction between ruled surfaces and developable surfaces.
