Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
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- Born in Germany.
- He published one one the first works to consider infinitesimals, a concept which led to the formulation of the differential calculus.
- Mohammed ibn Mûsâ al-Khowârizmî (fl. ca. 825 CE)
- Born in Iraq.
- He provided solutions of linear equations and quadratic ones.
- Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Al-Khidr al-Khujandi (940-1000 CE)
- Born in Tajikistan.
- He may have discovered a sine theorem relative to spherical triangles.
- He proved that the sum of two cubic numbers cannot be a cubic number.
- He wrote a text on obliquity of the elliptic, including the measurements of it.
- Seki Kowa (1642-1708)
- Born in Japan.
- He independently discovered many of the mathematical innovations of the West.
- He was able to popularize mathematics in Japan.
- E. E. Kummer (1810-1893)
- Born in Germany.
- He established that the proposition that a number can be resolved into the product of powers of primes in only one way is not true of every complex number.
- He wrote on the transformations of hypergeometric functions.
