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Home › Science › Mathematics › Basic Skills › Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and Proportion

Ratio

    A ratio is the mathematical comparison of one number to another. Examples are as follows:
  1. 5 to 1 or 5:1
  2. 6 to 3 or 6:3 (Simplified – 2:1)
  3. 4 to 3 or 4:3
  4. 8 to 6 or 8:6 (Simplified – 4:3)

Ordinary fractions can be considered to be ratios.

  1. 3/4 or 3:4
  2. 5/4 or 5:4





Proportion

    A proportion is the statement that one ratio equals another ratio.
  1. 4 is to 6 as 2 is to 3 or 4:6 = 2:3
      To verify that this is correct, cross multply.numerator 1 with denominator 2 and denominator 1 with numerator 2. If the proportion be correct, the two products will be the same.
      4 x 3 = 12
      6 x 2 = 12
  2. Problem – 1: 4 is to what as 16 is to 25?
      Let the unknown number = Y. 4/Y = 16/24
      4 x 24 = Y x 16
      16Y = 96
      16Y ÷ 16 = 96 ÷ 16
      Y = 6
  3. Problem – You are 20 years old and are 2/3 the age of your sister, how old is your sister?
      Let your sister’s age = Y.
      20/Y = 2/3
      2Y = 60
      2Y ÷ 2 = 60 ÷ 2
      Y = 30
      Your sister’s age = 30.




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