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Home › Science › Earth Sciences › Soil Glossary

Soil Glossary

This list is based on the standard book Soil Taxonomy.

Alfisols:
soils with a subsurface zone of silicate clay accumulation and greater than 35% base saturation
Andisols:
soils formed in volcanic ash
Aridisols:
CaCO3-containing soils of arid environments with subsurface horizon development
Entisols:
soils with little or no morphological development
Gelisols:
soils with permafrost within two meters of the surface
Histosols:
organic soils
Inceptisols:
soils with weakly developed subsurface horizons
Mollisols:
grassland soils with high base status
Oxisols:
intensely weathered soils of tropical and subtropical environments
Spodosols:
acid soils with a subsurface accumulation of metal-humus complexes
Ultisols:
soils with a subsurface zone of silicate clay accumulation and less than 35% base saturation
Vertisols:
clayey soils with high shrink/swell capacity





This list is based on the FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World.

Acrisols:
highly weathered soils with argillic horizons
Androsols:
volcanic ash with dark surfaces
Arenosols:
sandy soils; soils formed from sand
Cambisols:
light colour, structure, or consistency change caused by weathering
Chernozems:
black surface, high humus under prairie vegetation
Ferralsols:
sesquioxide rich clay
Fluvisols:
water-deposited soils with little alteration
Gleysols:
mottled or reduced horizons because of wetness
Greyzems:
dark surface, bleached A2, and textural B
Histosols:
organic soils
Kastanozems:
chestnut surface colour, steppe vegetation
Lithosols:
shallow soils over hard rock
Luvisols:
medium to high base status soils with argillic horizons
Nitosols:
low CEC clay in argillic horizons
Phaeozems:
dark surface, more leached than Kastanozems or Chernozems
Planosols:
abrupt A-B horizon contact
Podzols:
light-coloured eluvial horizon and subsoil accumulation of iron, aluminum, and humus
Podzoluvisols:
leached horizons tonguing into argillic B horizons
Rankers:
thin soil over silaceous material
Regisols:
thin soil over unconsolidated material
Rendzinas:
shallow soil over limestone
Solonchaks:
soluble salt accumulation
Solonetz:
high sodium content
Vertisols:
self-mulching, inverting soils, rich in montmorillonitis clay
Xerosols:
dry soils of semiarid regions
Yermosols:
desert soils




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