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Home › Science › Earth Sciences › Geology › Transparent Minerals

Transparent Minerals

  • Name of mineral [chemical composition]
    1. Colours
    2. # Mohs’ scale of hardness; Type of crystals
    3. Uses





  • Actinolite [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron inosilicate]
    1. Brilliant green, grey-green
    2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections,namental objects
  • Adamite [Hydrated zinc arsenate]
    1. Colourless, yellow, violet, green, pink
    2. # 3.5; Orthorhombic
    3. Research, collections
  • Aegerine [Sodium trivalent iron inosilicate]
    1. Green, black
    2. # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Analcime [Sodium tectosilicate]
    1. Colourless, white, pink, grey
    2. # 5.5; Cubic
    3. Research, collections
  • Anorthite [Calcium tectosilicate]
    1. White, grey, green, pink
    2. # 6-6.5; Triclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Argonite [Calcium carbonate]
    1. Colourless, white, sky-blue, yellow, pink, grey
    2. # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
    3. Research, collections
  • Asbestos (See: Serpentine)
  • Augite [Calcium magnesium iron aluminum inosilicate]
    1. Green, yellow-green, brown, violet, black
    2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Biotite [Hydrous potassium magnesium divalent iron phyllosilicate]
    1. Black, brown, yellow, dark green
    2. # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Borax [Sodium soroborax]
    1. Colourless, white, grey, blue, green
    2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
    3. Source of boric acid
  • Brucite [Magnesium hydroxide]
    1. Colourless, green, blue, yellow-pink, brown
    2. # 2.5; Trigonal
    3. Source of magnesium; refractories
  • Calcite [Calcium carbonate]
    1. Colourless, white, yellow, pink, green, brown
    2. # 3; Trigonal
    3. Building; flux in metallurgy; chemical industry, fertilizer,namental stone
  • Carnallite [Hydrated potassium magnesium chloride]
    1. Colourless, reddish
    2. # 2.5; Orthorhombic
    3. Source of potassium, magnesium, chlorine; fertilizer
  • Cerussite [Lead carbonate]
    1. Colourless, grey
    2. # 3-3.5; Orthorhombic
    3. Source of lead; minor source of silver
  • Chlorite [Hydrous magnesium iron aluminum phyllosilicate]
    1. Colourless, green-grey, bluish green, brown
    2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Cinnabar [Mercury sulfide]
    1. Bright red, brown-red, grey
    2. # 2-2.5; Trigonal
    3. Source of mercury; pigment and fungicide in the past
  • Corundum [Aluminum oxide]
    1. Various colours
    2. # 4-4.1; Trigonal
    3. Abrasives; gems (ruby, sapphire)
  • Cryolite [Sodium aluminum fluoride]
    1. Colourless, white, reddish-brown
    2. # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
    3. Flux in enemal factories; glass, china
  • Cryosite [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
    1. White, green-grey, yellow
    2. # 3-4; Monoclinic, thorhombic
    3. Research, collections
  • Cuprite [Copper oxide]
    1. Copper-red, black, green
    2. # 3.5-4; Cubic
    3. Source of copper
  • Hornblende [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron aluminum inosilicate]
    1. Green, green-brown, black
    2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Labradorite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
    1. Grey with blue
    2. # 6-6.5; Triclinic
    3. Ceramics, refractories industries; building, ornamental objects
  • Lazurite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
    1. Bright blue
    2. # 5.5-6; Cubic
    3. Ornamental objects; dye in past
  • Leucite [Potassium tectosilicate]
    1. White
    2. # 5-5.6; Tetragonal
    3. Research, collections; fertilizer in past
  • Magnesite [Magnesium carbonate]
    1. Colourless, white, yellow, brown
    2. # 4-4.5; Trigonal
    3. Iron and steel industry, pharmaceutical industry; refractories, special cements
  • Muscovite [Hydrous potassium aluminum phyllosilicate]
    1. Silver-white, white-yellow, brown
    2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
    3. Electrical and thermal insulators, lubricant, ceramics products
  • Nepheline [Sodium tectosilicate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey, green, red
    2. # 2.55-2.65; Hexagonal
    3. Ceramics, dye, textile, glassworks industries
  • Niter [Potassium nitrate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey
    2. # 2; Orthorhombic
    3. Little use
  • Olivine [Iron magnesium nesosilicate]
    1. Olive-green, green-yellow, dark green, brownish yellow, black
    2. # 6.5-7; Orthorhombic
    3. Source of magnesium; gems, refractories
  • Orthoclase [Potassium tectosilicate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey, red
    2. # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
    3. Porcelain industry
  • Sanidine [Potassium tectosilicate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey, light yellow
    2. # 6; Monoclinic
    3. Research, collections
  • Sassolite [Nesoborate]
    1. White, grey, yellow, blue
    2. # 1; Monoclinic
    3. Pharmaceutical industry; production of borax
  • Scheelite [Calcium tungstate]
    1. Yellow, green, grey, red, white
    2. # 4.5-5; Tetragonal
    3. Source of tungsten
  • Serpentine [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
    1. Green, blackish green, yellowish white, yellowish brown, grey
    2. # 2.5-3.5; Monoclinic
    3. Use now prohibited
  • Siderite [Iron carbonate]
    1. Light yellow to brown
    2. # 4-4.5; Trigonal
    3. Source of iron
  • Smithsonite [Zinc carbonate]
    1. Various
    2. # 4.5-5; Trigonal
    3. Source of zinc; ornamental stones
  • Staurolite [Iron aluminum mesosilicate]
    1. Red, red-brown, black
    2. # 7-7.5; Orthorhombic
    3. Research, collections
  • Strontianite [Strontium carbonate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey, green, pink
    2. # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
    3. Source of strontium; fireworks, sugar, special glass industries
  • Sylvite [Potassium chloride]
    1. Colourless, violet, red
    2. # 2-2.5; Cubic
    3. Source of potassium; fertilizer
  • Talc [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
    1. White, green, grey, brown
    2. # 1; Monoclinic
    3. Electrical, thermal insulators; paper, textile, cosmetic, dye industries; ornamental objects
  • Witherite [Barium carbonate]
    1. Colourless, white, grey
    2. # 3-3.5; Orthoprhombic
    3. Source of barium; special glasses
  • Wolframite [Iron manganese tungstate]
    1. Grey-black to brown-black to reddish chestnut
    2. # 4.5-5.5; Monoclinic
    3. Source of tungsten; filaments for electric lights; tools
  • Wollastonite [Calcium inosilicate]
    1. White, colourless, pale green, grey
    2. # 4.5-5; Triclinic
    3. Ceramics industry




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