- Name of mineral [chemical composition]
- Colours
- # Mohs’ scale of hardness; Type of crystals
- Uses
- Actinolite [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron inosilicate]
- Brilliant green, grey-green
- # 5-6; Monoclinic
- Research, collections,namental objects
- Adamite [Hydrated zinc arsenate]
- Colourless, yellow, violet, green, pink
- # 3.5; Orthorhombic
- Research, collections
- Aegerine [Sodium trivalent iron inosilicate]
- Green, black
- # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Analcime [Sodium tectosilicate]
- Colourless, white, pink, grey
- # 5.5; Cubic
- Research, collections
- Anorthite [Calcium tectosilicate]
- White, grey, green, pink
- # 6-6.5; Triclinic
- Research, collections
- Argonite [Calcium carbonate]
- Colourless, white, sky-blue, yellow, pink, grey
- # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
- Research, collections
- Asbestos (See: Serpentine)
- Augite [Calcium magnesium iron aluminum inosilicate]
- Green, yellow-green, brown, violet, black
- # 5-6; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Biotite [Hydrous potassium magnesium divalent iron phyllosilicate]
- Black, brown, yellow, dark green
- # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Borax [Sodium soroborax]
- Colourless, white, grey, blue, green
- # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
- Source of boric acid
- Brucite [Magnesium hydroxide]
- Colourless, green, blue, yellow-pink, brown
- # 2.5; Trigonal
- Source of magnesium; refractories
- Calcite [Calcium carbonate]
- Colourless, white, yellow, pink, green, brown
- # 3; Trigonal
- Building; flux in metallurgy; chemical industry, fertilizer,namental stone
- Carnallite [Hydrated potassium magnesium chloride]
- Colourless, reddish
- # 2.5; Orthorhombic
- Source of potassium, magnesium, chlorine; fertilizer
- Cerussite [Lead carbonate]
- Colourless, grey
- # 3-3.5; Orthorhombic
- Source of lead; minor source of silver
- Chlorite [Hydrous magnesium iron aluminum phyllosilicate]
- Colourless, green-grey, bluish green, brown
- # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Cinnabar [Mercury sulfide]
- Bright red, brown-red, grey
- # 2-2.5; Trigonal
- Source of mercury; pigment and fungicide in the past
- Corundum [Aluminum oxide]
- Various colours
- # 4-4.1; Trigonal
- Abrasives; gems (ruby, sapphire)
- Cryolite [Sodium aluminum fluoride]
- Colourless, white, reddish-brown
- # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
- Flux in enemal factories; glass, china
- Cryosite [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
- White, green-grey, yellow
- # 3-4; Monoclinic, thorhombic
- Research, collections
- Cuprite [Copper oxide]
- Copper-red, black, green
- # 3.5-4; Cubic
- Source of copper
- Hornblende [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron aluminum inosilicate]
- Green, green-brown, black
- # 5-6; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Labradorite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
- Grey with blue
- # 6-6.5; Triclinic
- Ceramics, refractories industries; building, ornamental objects
- Lazurite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
- Bright blue
- # 5.5-6; Cubic
- Ornamental objects; dye in past
- Leucite [Potassium tectosilicate]
- White
- # 5-5.6; Tetragonal
- Research, collections; fertilizer in past
- Magnesite [Magnesium carbonate]
- Colourless, white, yellow, brown
- # 4-4.5; Trigonal
- Iron and steel industry, pharmaceutical industry; refractories, special cements
- Muscovite [Hydrous potassium aluminum phyllosilicate]
- Silver-white, white-yellow, brown
- # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
- Electrical and thermal insulators, lubricant, ceramics products
- Nepheline [Sodium tectosilicate]
- Colourless, white, grey, green, red
- # 2.55-2.65; Hexagonal
- Ceramics, dye, textile, glassworks industries
- Niter [Potassium nitrate]
- Colourless, white, grey
- # 2; Orthorhombic
- Little use
- Olivine [Iron magnesium nesosilicate]
- Olive-green, green-yellow, dark green, brownish yellow, black
- # 6.5-7; Orthorhombic
- Source of magnesium; gems, refractories
- Orthoclase [Potassium tectosilicate]
- Colourless, white, grey, red
- # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
- Porcelain industry
- Sanidine [Potassium tectosilicate]
- Colourless, white, grey, light yellow
- # 6; Monoclinic
- Research, collections
- Sassolite [Nesoborate]
- White, grey, yellow, blue
- # 1; Monoclinic
- Pharmaceutical industry; production of borax
- Scheelite [Calcium tungstate]
- Yellow, green, grey, red, white
- # 4.5-5; Tetragonal
- Source of tungsten
- Serpentine [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
- Green, blackish green, yellowish white, yellowish brown, grey
- # 2.5-3.5; Monoclinic
- Use now prohibited
- Siderite [Iron carbonate]
- Light yellow to brown
- # 4-4.5; Trigonal
- Source of iron
- Smithsonite [Zinc carbonate]
- Various
- # 4.5-5; Trigonal
- Source of zinc; ornamental stones
- Staurolite [Iron aluminum mesosilicate]
- Red, red-brown, black
- # 7-7.5; Orthorhombic
- Research, collections
- Strontianite [Strontium carbonate]
- Colourless, white, grey, green, pink
- # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
- Source of strontium; fireworks, sugar, special glass industries
- Sylvite [Potassium chloride]
- Colourless, violet, red
- # 2-2.5; Cubic
- Source of potassium; fertilizer
- Talc [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
- White, green, grey, brown
- # 1; Monoclinic
- Electrical, thermal insulators; paper, textile, cosmetic, dye industries; ornamental objects
- Witherite [Barium carbonate]
- Colourless, white, grey
- # 3-3.5; Orthoprhombic
- Source of barium; special glasses
- Wolframite [Iron manganese tungstate]
- Grey-black to brown-black to reddish chestnut
- # 4.5-5.5; Monoclinic
- Source of tungsten; filaments for electric lights; tools
- Wollastonite [Calcium inosilicate]
- White, colourless, pale green, grey
- # 4.5-5; Triclinic
- Ceramics industry