Transparent Minerals

Name of mineral [chemical composition]
1. Colours
2. # Mohs’ scale of hardness; Type of crystals
3. Uses
Actinolite [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron inosilicate]
1. Brilliant green, grey-green
2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections,namental objects
Adamite [Hydrated zinc arsenate]
1. Colourless, yellow, violet, green, pink
2. # 3.5; Orthorhombic
3. Research, collections
Aegerine [Sodium trivalent iron inosilicate]
1. Green, black
2. # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Analcime [Sodium tectosilicate]
1. Colourless, white, pink, grey
2. # 5.5; Cubic
3. Research, collections
Anorthite [Calcium tectosilicate]
1. White, grey, green, pink
2. # 6-6.5; Triclinic
3. Research, collections
Argonite [Calcium carbonate]
1. Colourless, white, sky-blue, yellow, pink, grey
2. # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
3. Research, collections
Asbestos (See: Serpentine)
Augite [Calcium magnesium iron aluminum inosilicate]
1. Green, yellow-green, brown, violet, black
2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Biotite [Hydrous potassium magnesium divalent iron phyllosilicate]
1. Black, brown, yellow, dark green
2. # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Borax [Sodium soroborax]
1. Colourless, white, grey, blue, green
2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
3. Source of boric acid
Brucite [Magnesium hydroxide]
1. Colourless, green, blue, yellow-pink, brown
2. # 2.5; Trigonal
3. Source of magnesium; refractories
Calcite [Calcium carbonate]
1. Colourless, white, yellow, pink, green, brown
2. # 3; Trigonal
3. Building; flux in metallurgy; chemical industry, fertilizer,namental stone
Carnallite [Hydrated potassium magnesium chloride]
1. Colourless, reddish
2. # 2.5; Orthorhombic
3. Source of potassium, magnesium, chlorine; fertilizer
Cerussite [Lead carbonate]
1. Colourless, grey
2. # 3-3.5; Orthorhombic
3. Source of lead; minor source of silver
Chlorite [Hydrous magnesium iron aluminum phyllosilicate]
1. Colourless, green-grey, bluish green, brown
2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Cinnabar [Mercury sulfide]
1. Bright red, brown-red, grey
2. # 2-2.5; Trigonal
3. Source of mercury; pigment and fungicide in the past
Corundum [Aluminum oxide]
1. Various colours
2. # 4-4.1; Trigonal
3. Abrasives; gems (ruby, sapphire)
Cryolite [Sodium aluminum fluoride]
1. Colourless, white, reddish-brown
2. # 2.5-3; Monoclinic
3. Flux in enemal factories; glass, china
Cryosite [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
1. White, green-grey, yellow
2. # 3-4; Monoclinic, thorhombic
3. Research, collections
Cuprite [Copper oxide]
1. Copper-red, black, green
2. # 3.5-4; Cubic
3. Source of copper
Hornblende [Hydrous calcium magnesium divalent iron aluminum inosilicate]
1. Green, green-brown, black
2. # 5-6; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Labradorite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
1. Grey with blue
2. # 6-6.5; Triclinic
3. Ceramics, refractories industries; building, ornamental objects
Lazurite [Calcium sodium tectosilicate]
1. Bright blue
2. # 5.5-6; Cubic
3. Ornamental objects; dye in past
Leucite [Potassium tectosilicate]
1. White
2. # 5-5.6; Tetragonal
3. Research, collections; fertilizer in past
Magnesite [Magnesium carbonate]
1. Colourless, white, yellow, brown
2. # 4-4.5; Trigonal
3. Iron and steel industry, pharmaceutical industry; refractories, special cements
Muscovite [Hydrous potassium aluminum phyllosilicate]
1. Silver-white, white-yellow, brown
2. # 2-2.5; Monoclinic
3. Electrical and thermal insulators, lubricant, ceramics products
Nepheline [Sodium tectosilicate]
1. Colourless, white, grey, green, red
2. # 2.55-2.65; Hexagonal
3. Ceramics, dye, textile, glassworks industries
Niter [Potassium nitrate]
1. Colourless, white, grey
2. # 2; Orthorhombic
3. Little use
Olivine [Iron magnesium nesosilicate]
1. Olive-green, green-yellow, dark green, brownish yellow, black
2. # 6.5-7; Orthorhombic
3. Source of magnesium; gems, refractories
Orthoclase [Potassium tectosilicate]
1. Colourless, white, grey, red
2. # 6-6.5; Monoclinic
3. Porcelain industry
Sanidine [Potassium tectosilicate]
1. Colourless, white, grey, light yellow
2. # 6; Monoclinic
3. Research, collections
Sassolite [Nesoborate]
1. White, grey, yellow, blue
2. # 1; Monoclinic
3. Pharmaceutical industry; production of borax
Scheelite [Calcium tungstate]
1. Yellow, green, grey, red, white
2. # 4.5-5; Tetragonal
3. Source of tungsten
Serpentine [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
1. Green, blackish green, yellowish white, yellowish brown, grey
2. # 2.5-3.5; Monoclinic
3. Use now prohibited
Siderite [Iron carbonate]
1. Light yellow to brown
2. # 4-4.5; Trigonal
3. Source of iron
Smithsonite [Zinc carbonate]
1. Various
2. # 4.5-5; Trigonal
3. Source of zinc; ornamental stones
Staurolite [Iron aluminum mesosilicate]
1. Red, red-brown, black
2. # 7-7.5; Orthorhombic
3. Research, collections
Strontianite [Strontium carbonate]
1. Colourless, white, grey, green, pink
2. # 3.5-4; Orthorhombic
3. Source of strontium; fireworks, sugar, special glass industries
Sylvite [Potassium chloride]
1. Colourless, violet, red
2. # 2-2.5; Cubic
3. Source of potassium; fertilizer
Talc [Hydrous magnesium phyllosilicate]
1. White, green, grey, brown
2. # 1; Monoclinic
3. Electrical, thermal insulators; paper, textile, cosmetic, dye industries; ornamental objects
Witherite [Barium carbonate]
1. Colourless, white, grey
2. # 3-3.5; Orthoprhombic
3. Source of barium; special glasses
Wolframite [Iron manganese tungstate]
1. Grey-black to brown-black to reddish chestnut
2. # 4.5-5.5; Monoclinic
3. Source of tungsten; filaments for electric lights; tools
Wollastonite [Calcium inosilicate]
1. White, colourless, pale green, grey
2. # 4.5-5; Triclinic
3. Ceramics industry

Transparent Minerals

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