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Home › Science › Earth Sciences › Geology › Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks normally form in bedding, or layers.





  • Name of rock [components]
    1. Colours
    2. Type; Grain and texture
    3. Uses
  • Anhydrite [Anhydrite, gypsum, calcite, dolomite, clay, bitumen, limonite]
    1. Light grey, blue
    2. Evaporite; Fine to medium
    3. Paper industry, fertilizers
  • Anthracite [Carbon, pyrite, quartz]
    1. Black, grey, with yellow reflections
    2. Organic; Compact, glassy
    3. Fuel; iron and steel industry; dyes, synthetic rubber
  • Argillite [Clay, feldspar, carbonates, mica, pyrite, gypsum, iron oxides]
    1. Various colours
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Fine, crumbles
    3. Refractory for ceramics, brickwork
  • Arkose [Kaolite, geothite, limonite, granite, gneiss, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, quartz]
    1. Red, pink, grey, brown
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Medium to coarse
      Uses: Building
  • Bitumen [Hydrocarbons, waxes, decomposed organisms]
    1. Black, brown, green
    2. Organic;
    3. Paving, fuel, varnishes, paints, paraffin
  • Breccia [Various rocks, calcium, quartz, limonite, hematite]
    1. Red, yellow, grey
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Coarse, angular fragments
    3. Concrete, Ornamental stone
  • Calcereous Mudstone [Calcite]
    1. White, grey, yellow
    2. Carbonate;
  • Calcerenite [Calcite, fossils, clay, quartz, orthoclase]
    1. Grey
    2. Carbonate; Medium, compact
    3. Gravel, flooring, facings
  • Calcilutite [Calcite, microfossils, hematite, pyrite, quartz, orthoclase]
    1. Grey, tawny, black
    2. Carbonate; Fine
    3. Gravel, cement, flooring, facings
  • Calcirudite [Carbonate lithic fragments and cement, fossils, iron oxides and hydroxides, quartz]
    1. Light hazel
    2. Carbonate; Coarse
    3. Gravel, slabs
  • Chalk [Calcium carbonate, clay, hematite, marcasite, mica, quartz, pyrite, argonite]
    1. White, yellow, grey
    2. Carbonate; Fine, homogeneous
    3. Manufacture of rubber, paint, polishing powders, Portland cement; soil conditioner
  • Chert [Silica, chalcedony, agate, flint, jasper]
    1. Grey
    2. (n/a); Fine; structureless, hard
    3. Building highways, ornamental slabs
  • Clay [Kaolinite, feldspar, gypsum, mica, quartz]
    1. Grey, white, brown, red, green, blue
    2. (n/a); Fine, plastic
    3. Making of bricks, pottery, pipes, tiles, terra cotta, cement, concrete, mortar
  • Conglomerate [Clay, sand, shale, mudstone, quartz, gravel]
    1. Variable
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Roundness of components
  • Dolostone [Dolomite, bitumen, clay, quartz, marcasite, pyrite]
    1. Cream, grey, white, brown, pink
    2. Carbonate; Fine to coarse, joints visible
    3. Building
  • Flint [Microcrystalline quartz, chalcedony, calcite, clay, hematite]
    1. Red, white, yellow, green, black
    2. Chemical; Hard
  • Graywacke [Quartz, feldspar, chlorite]
    1. Grey, black, green
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Coarse, angular grains
    3. Rarely used in building
  • Ironstone [Chamosite, hematite, limonite, magnetite, pyrite, siderite, calcite, dolomite]
    1. Black, brown, green, red, yellow
    2. (n/a); Various textures
    3. Mined for iron
  • Lignite [Vegetable matter]
    1. Brown, black
    2. Organic;
    3. Fuel
  • Limestone [Calcite, argonite, dolomite]
    1. White, grey, yellow
    2. Carbonate; Fine to medium
    3. Reservoirs for petroleum and natural gas; cement, building stone, concrete, lime
  • Loess [Not visible to the naked eye]
    1. Yellow, brown, buff, grey
    2. (n/a); Fine, compact, porous
      Uses:
  • Manganese Module [Manganese and iron oxides, clay, quartz, calcide, copper oxide, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium]
    1. Dark grey, black
    2. Chemical; Roundish, encrusted with organisms
    3. Source of metals
  • Marl [Clay, calcite, quartz, mica, pyrite, gypsum]
    1. Grey, brown, beige, green
    2. Carbonate; Fine
    3. Cement
  • Orthoquartzite [Quartz, apatite, feldspar, ilmenite, magnetite, mica, pyrite, zircon, calcite, garnet, graphite]
    1. White, grey, brown, pink
    2. (n/a);
    3. Flooring,facing, ceramics, glass, refractory material in kilns and ovens, railroad ballast
  • Peat [Plant material, amber, calcite, quartz]
    1. Chestnut, brown, black
    2. Organic; Volatile, layered
    3. Fuel, plant fertilizer
  • Phosphate Rock [Phosphate of calcium, iron, aluminum]
    1. Black, brown, yellow, white
    2. (n/a); Fine to coarse, nodular
  • Radiolarite [Shells of fossils, silaceius cement, carbon substances, iron oxides, anastase]
    1. Red, black, green
    2. Organic; Fine, compact
    3. Whetstones
  • Rock Gypsum [Anhydrite, halite, calcite, dolomite, clay, iron oxides]
    1. White, pink, red, green, brown
    2. Evaporite; Fine to coarse
  • Rock Salt [Halite, sulfates, carbonates, clay, iron oxides]
    1. Colourless, white, orange, red, yellow
    2. Evaporite; Thick, structureless, crystalline, glassy
    3. Human diet, preservative, chemical industry
  • Sandstone [Quartz, feldspar]
    1. Red, brown
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Medium, stratified
    3. Construction of buildings
  • Shale [Clay, feldspar, mica, quartz, goethite, hematite]
    1. Black, grey, white, brown, red, green, blue
    2. (n/a); Fine
    3. Fossil finds
  • Siltstone [Quartz, feldspar, mica, iron oxides]
    1. Grey to black, brown, buff, yellow
    2. Clastic Terrigenous; Fine, compact
    3. Baked brick
  • Travertine [Calcite, iron oxides]
    1. White, yellow, red, brown
    2. Carbonate; Compact, banded
    3. Flooring, facings




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