Sedimentary rocks normally form in bedding, or layers.
- Name of rock [components]
- Colours
- Type; Grain and texture
- Uses
- Anhydrite [Anhydrite, gypsum, calcite, dolomite, clay, bitumen, limonite]
- Light grey, blue
- Evaporite; Fine to medium
- Paper industry, fertilizers
- Anthracite [Carbon, pyrite, quartz]
- Black, grey, with yellow reflections
- Organic; Compact, glassy
- Fuel; iron and steel industry; dyes, synthetic rubber
- Argillite [Clay, feldspar, carbonates, mica, pyrite, gypsum, iron oxides]
- Various colours
- Clastic Terrigenous; Fine, crumbles
- Refractory for ceramics, brickwork
- Arkose [Kaolite, geothite, limonite, granite, gneiss, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, quartz]
- Red, pink, grey, brown
- Clastic Terrigenous; Medium to coarse
Uses: Building
- Bitumen [Hydrocarbons, waxes, decomposed organisms]
- Black, brown, green
- Organic;
- Paving, fuel, varnishes, paints, paraffin
- Breccia [Various rocks, calcium, quartz, limonite, hematite]
- Red, yellow, grey
- Clastic Terrigenous; Coarse, angular fragments
- Concrete, Ornamental stone
- Calcereous Mudstone [Calcite]
- White, grey, yellow
- Carbonate;
- Calcerenite [Calcite, fossils, clay, quartz, orthoclase]
- Grey
- Carbonate; Medium, compact
- Gravel, flooring, facings
- Calcilutite [Calcite, microfossils, hematite, pyrite, quartz, orthoclase]
- Grey, tawny, black
- Carbonate; Fine
- Gravel, cement, flooring, facings
- Calcirudite [Carbonate lithic fragments and cement, fossils, iron oxides and hydroxides, quartz]
- Light hazel
- Carbonate; Coarse
- Gravel, slabs
- Chalk [Calcium carbonate, clay, hematite, marcasite, mica, quartz, pyrite, argonite]
- White, yellow, grey
- Carbonate; Fine, homogeneous
- Manufacture of rubber, paint, polishing powders, Portland cement; soil conditioner
- Chert [Silica, chalcedony, agate, flint, jasper]
- Grey
- (n/a); Fine; structureless, hard
- Building highways, ornamental slabs
- Clay [Kaolinite, feldspar, gypsum, mica, quartz]
- Grey, white, brown, red, green, blue
- (n/a); Fine, plastic
- Making of bricks, pottery, pipes, tiles, terra cotta, cement, concrete, mortar
- Conglomerate [Clay, sand, shale, mudstone, quartz, gravel]
- Variable
- Clastic Terrigenous; Roundness of components
- Dolostone [Dolomite, bitumen, clay, quartz, marcasite, pyrite]
- Cream, grey, white, brown, pink
- Carbonate; Fine to coarse, joints visible
- Building
- Flint [Microcrystalline quartz, chalcedony, calcite, clay, hematite]
- Red, white, yellow, green, black
- Chemical; Hard
- Graywacke [Quartz, feldspar, chlorite]
- Grey, black, green
- Clastic Terrigenous; Coarse, angular grains
- Rarely used in building
- Ironstone [Chamosite, hematite, limonite, magnetite, pyrite, siderite, calcite, dolomite]
- Black, brown, green, red, yellow
- (n/a); Various textures
- Mined for iron
- Lignite [Vegetable matter]
- Brown, black
- Organic;
- Fuel
- Limestone [Calcite, argonite, dolomite]
- White, grey, yellow
- Carbonate; Fine to medium
- Reservoirs for petroleum and natural gas; cement, building stone, concrete, lime
- Loess [Not visible to the naked eye]
- Yellow, brown, buff, grey
- (n/a); Fine, compact, porous
Uses:
- Manganese Module [Manganese and iron oxides, clay, quartz, calcide, copper oxide, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium]
- Dark grey, black
- Chemical; Roundish, encrusted with organisms
- Source of metals
- Marl [Clay, calcite, quartz, mica, pyrite, gypsum]
- Grey, brown, beige, green
- Carbonate; Fine
- Cement
- Orthoquartzite [Quartz, apatite, feldspar, ilmenite, magnetite, mica, pyrite, zircon, calcite, garnet, graphite]
- White, grey, brown, pink
- (n/a);
- Flooring,facing, ceramics, glass, refractory material in kilns and ovens, railroad ballast
- Peat [Plant material, amber, calcite, quartz]
- Chestnut, brown, black
- Organic; Volatile, layered
- Fuel, plant fertilizer
- Phosphate Rock [Phosphate of calcium, iron, aluminum]
- Black, brown, yellow, white
- (n/a); Fine to coarse, nodular
- Radiolarite [Shells of fossils, silaceius cement, carbon substances, iron oxides, anastase]
- Red, black, green
- Organic; Fine, compact
- Whetstones
- Rock Gypsum [Anhydrite, halite, calcite, dolomite, clay, iron oxides]
- White, pink, red, green, brown
- Evaporite; Fine to coarse
- Rock Salt [Halite, sulfates, carbonates, clay, iron oxides]
- Colourless, white, orange, red, yellow
- Evaporite; Thick, structureless, crystalline, glassy
- Human diet, preservative, chemical industry
- Sandstone [Quartz, feldspar]
- Red, brown
- Clastic Terrigenous; Medium, stratified
- Construction of buildings
- Shale [Clay, feldspar, mica, quartz, goethite, hematite]
- Black, grey, white, brown, red, green, blue
- (n/a); Fine
- Fossil finds
- Siltstone [Quartz, feldspar, mica, iron oxides]
- Grey to black, brown, buff, yellow
- Clastic Terrigenous; Fine, compact
- Baked brick
- Travertine [Calcite, iron oxides]
- White, yellow, red, brown
- Carbonate; Compact, banded
- Flooring, facings