- Name of rock [components]
- Colours
- Type; Grain and texture
- Uses
- Andesite [Chalcopyrite, ilminite, magnetite, feldspar]
- Brown, grey, purple, or green
- Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
- Building
- Anorthosite [Plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, iron oxides]
- Grey to white
- Intrusive; Medium to coarse
- Refractory materials
- Aplite [Quartz, feldspar, muscovite, biotite, tourmaline]
- White to light grey
- Dike; Very fine
- Scientific
- Basalt [Feldspar, augite, quartz]
- Grey, black, brown, green, or red
- Extrusive; Fine, pockmarked, dense
- Road building, railway ballast, rock wool, fibre glass
- Basanite [Plagioclase, pyroxenes, nepheline, leucite, olivine, hornblende, biotite, sodalite, analcime, magnetite]
- Dark grey with white spots
- Extrusive; Fine
- Rarely used in building
- Camptonite [Kaersutite, barkevikite, titanaugite, olivine, plagioclase, orthoclase, zeolites]
- Dark
- Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
- Scientific
- Carbonatite [Calcite, dolomite, carbonates, nepheline, phlogopite, olivine, apatite, monazite, barite, pyrochlore, fluorite, perovskite, iron oxides, iron sulfides, nobium, tantalum]
- Light grey, or yellow
- Intrusive; Fine to coarse
- Scientific
- Dacite [Plagioclase, quartz, biotite, hornblende, sanidine, pyroxenes, magnetite, ilmenite, sphene, garnet]
- Grey
- Extrusive; Fine
- Architectural bosses and ashlars
- Diabase [Feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, chalcopyrite, hornblende, pyrrhotite]
- Dark
- Intrusive; Medium, ophitic or porphyritic
- Diorite [Quartz, feldspar, biotite, mica, pyroxenite]
- Speckled black and white, or green, or pink
- Intrusive; Medium to coarse, epigranular or porphitic
- Buildings, polished slabs
- Dunite [Olivine, spinel, pyroxene, garnet, metals]
- Light green to yellow
- Intrusive; Fine to medium
- Scientific
- Gabbro [Feldspar, augite, apatite, garnet, chromite, hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, rutile, zircon]
- Grey, or black
- Intrusive; Coarse, granular
- Mined for its minerals
- Grandophyre [Orthoclase, microcline, quartz, plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, aegirine, muscovite, apatite, zircon, molybdenite]
- Light red
- Dike; Fine to medium
- Paving roads, ornamental stones
- Granite [Feldspar, hornblende, mica, quartz]
- White, grey, pink, red, or mottled
- Intrusive; Coarse, granular
- Building and ornamental stone, mined for its ore deposits
- Granodiorite [Feldspar, quartz, hornblende]
- Pink, or white
- Intrusive; Coarse, granular
- Building, ornamental stone
- Hyaloclastite [Glass, calcite, zeolite]
- Dark
- Extrusive; Brecciated, glassy
- None
- Ignimbrite [glassy chards, quartz, sanidine, albite, biotite, pyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase, feldspathoids]
- Light grey, brown, red, or violet
- Extrusive; Glassy
- Building
- Italite [Pseudo-leucite, aegirine, amphiboles]
- White, or light yellow
- Intrusive; Coarse
- Scientific
- Kersantite [Phlogopite, augite, plastioclase, olivine, diopside, hornblende, orthoclase]
- Dark
- Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
- Scientific
- Kimberlite [Olivine, phlogopite, garnet, diopside]
- Blue, green, or black
- Lamprophyritic; Coarse, porphyritic
- Source of diamonds
- Latite [Andesine, sanidine, augite, amphibole, quartz, biotite, magnetite, hematite, apatite]
- White to grey, yellow, or red
- Extrusive; Fine
- None
- Leucitophyre [Feldspar, leucite, pyroxene, nepheline, phlogopite, amphibole]
- Grey, with white spots
- Extrusive; Fine to medium, porphyritic
- Lherzolite [Olivine, pyroxene, spinel, garnet, hornblende, chromite]
- Dark green to black
- Intrusive; Medium
- Scientific
- Melilitite [Melilite, augite, olivine, perovskite, chromite, picotite, melanite, phlogopite, apatite, sphene]
- Grey, or light brown
- Extrusive; Fine
- Scientific
- Microsyenite [Feldspar, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, quartz]
- Grey, red, pink, or brown
- Intrusive; Medium, granular
- Minette [Biotite,diopside, orthoclase, olivine, augite, hornblende, plaagioclase, calcite, chlorite]
- Black, or brown
- Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
- Scientific
- Missourite [Pseudo-leucite, pyroxene, olivine, biotite, metals]
- Grey to black
- Intrusive; Coarse
- Scientific
- Monzonite [Plagioclase, feldspar, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, quartz, apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, zircon]
- Light green, or grey
- Intrusive; Coarse
- Rarely used in building
- Obsidian [Feldspar, quartz, ilmenite, magnetite]
- Black, or red
- Extrusive; Amorphous, glassy
- Cutting tool, gemstone
- Pegmatite [Granite, gabbro, syenite, quartz, feldspar, beryl, bismuthinite, borax, cassiterite, columnite, spodumene, molybdenite, tantalite, uraninite, wolframite]
- White, pink, red
- Hypabyssal; Coarse, parallel crystals
- Mining for minerals and gemstones
- Nephelinite [Nepheline, augite, olivine, sphene, perovskite, melilite, nosean, sodalite, hauyne, zeolites]
- Light grey, green, or rose
- Extrusive; Fine
- Rarely used in building
- Peridotite [Olivine, hornblende, mica, augite, garnet, spinel, apatite, chromite, magnite, pyrrotite]
- Green to black
- Hypabyssal; Medium, granular
- Mined for ores
- Phonolite [Feldspar, sanidine, nepheline, aegirine, amphibole]
- Dark green to grey
- Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
- Source of diamonds
- Pitchstone [Feldspar, quartz]
- Black, brown, green, or grey in dark shades
- Extrusive; Medium to coarse, glassy
- Pumice [Silicates, calcite, glass]
- Grey, yellow, rosy
- Extrusive; Pock-holed, porous, floats, amorphous
- Scourer, abrasive, polisher, railroad ballast; and in sound proofing tiles, precast masonry, plaster, concrete
- Pyroxinite [Iron and magnesium minerals, mica, hornblende, olivine]
- Green to black
- Intrusive; Medium to coarse, granular
- Mined for platinum and palladium
- Quartz Porphyry [Quartz, feldspar, mica, chalcopyrite, apatite, calcite, hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite, molybdenite, zircon]
- Grey, pink, red, or violet
- Dike; Rough surface
- Mined for minerals; ornamental stones, building façades, gravel, ballast
- Rhyolite [Feldspar, mica, quartz, hornblende]
- Grey, brown, or reddish
- Extrusive; Fine to very fine, round cavities, hollow sacs
- Architectural bosses and ashlars
- Serpentinite [Silica, antigorite, chrysotile, garnet, hornblende, mica, chromite]
- Green to black
- Intrusive; Medium to coarse, snakeskin patterns, compact
- Mined for chromium
- Shonkinite [Augite, feldspar, nepheline, olivine, hornblende, biotite, aegirine]
- Blackish grey
- Intrusive; Coarse
- Scientific
- Spessartite [Hornblende, plagioclase, augite, biotite, olivine, diopside, orthoclase]
- Dark
- Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
- Scientific
- Syenite [Feldspar, quartz, biotite, mica, hornblende, augite, nepheline]
- Red, pink, grey, or white
- Intrusive; Coarse, equigranular
- Polished slabs
- Tephrite [Nepheline, leucite, plagioclase, pyroxenes, hornblende, biolite, sodalite, analcime, magnetite]
- Dark grey
- Extrusive; Fine
- Rarely used in building
- Tonalite [Plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite, orthoclase, apatite, sphene, magnetite, zircon, pyroxene, epidote]
- Blackish grey
- Intrusive; Coarse
- Building
- Trachyte [Feldspar, nepheline, quartz, mica, aegirine, augite, hornblende]
- Grey, brown, pink, red, or white, in light tones
- Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
- Road paving
- Troctolite [Plagioclase, olivine]
- Grey, with black or brown or red spots
- Intrusive; Coarse, granular
- Tuff [Feldspar, mica, quartz, hornblende, ash]
- Grey, rose, green, yellow, or brown
- Extrusive; Fine
- Cement