Igneous Rocks

Name of rock [components]
1. Colours
2. Type; Grain and texture
3. Uses
Andesite [Chalcopyrite, ilminite, magnetite, feldspar]
1. Brown, grey, purple, or green
2. Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
3. Building
Anorthosite [Plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, iron oxides]
1. Grey to white
2. Intrusive; Medium to coarse
3. Refractory materials
Aplite [Quartz, feldspar, muscovite, biotite, tourmaline]
1. White to light grey
2. Dike; Very fine
3. Scientific
Basalt [Feldspar, augite, quartz]
1. Grey, black, brown, green, or red
2. Extrusive; Fine, pockmarked, dense
3. Road building, railway ballast, rock wool, fibre glass
Basanite [Plagioclase, pyroxenes, nepheline, leucite, olivine, hornblende, biotite, sodalite, analcime, magnetite]
1. Dark grey with white spots
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Rarely used in building
Camptonite [Kaersutite, barkevikite, titanaugite, olivine, plagioclase, orthoclase, zeolites]
1. Dark
2. Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
3. Scientific
Carbonatite [Calcite, dolomite, carbonates, nepheline, phlogopite, olivine, apatite, monazite, barite, pyrochlore, fluorite, perovskite, iron oxides, iron sulfides, nobium, tantalum]
1. Light grey, or yellow
2. Intrusive; Fine to coarse
3. Scientific
Dacite [Plagioclase, quartz, biotite, hornblende, sanidine, pyroxenes, magnetite, ilmenite, sphene, garnet]
1. Grey
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Architectural bosses and ashlars
Diabase [Feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, chalcopyrite, hornblende, pyrrhotite]
1. Dark
2. Intrusive; Medium, ophitic or porphyritic
Diorite [Quartz, feldspar, biotite, mica, pyroxenite]
1. Speckled black and white, or green, or pink
2. Intrusive; Medium to coarse, epigranular or porphitic
3. Buildings, polished slabs
Dunite [Olivine, spinel, pyroxene, garnet, metals]
1. Light green to yellow
2. Intrusive; Fine to medium
3. Scientific
Gabbro [Feldspar, augite, apatite, garnet, chromite, hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, rutile, zircon]
1. Grey, or black
2. Intrusive; Coarse, granular
3. Mined for its minerals
Grandophyre [Orthoclase, microcline, quartz, plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, aegirine, muscovite, apatite, zircon, molybdenite]
1. Light red
2. Dike; Fine to medium
3. Paving roads, ornamental stones
Granite [Feldspar, hornblende, mica, quartz]
1. White, grey, pink, red, or mottled
2. Intrusive; Coarse, granular
3. Building and ornamental stone, mined for its ore deposits
Granodiorite [Feldspar, quartz, hornblende]
1. Pink, or white
2. Intrusive; Coarse, granular
3. Building, ornamental stone
Hyaloclastite [Glass, calcite, zeolite]
1. Dark
2. Extrusive; Brecciated, glassy
3. None
Ignimbrite [glassy chards, quartz, sanidine, albite, biotite, pyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase, feldspathoids]
1. Light grey, brown, red, or violet
2. Extrusive; Glassy
3. Building
Italite [Pseudo-leucite, aegirine, amphiboles]
1. White, or light yellow
2. Intrusive; Coarse
3. Scientific
Kersantite [Phlogopite, augite, plastioclase, olivine, diopside, hornblende, orthoclase]
1. Dark
2. Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
3. Scientific
Kimberlite [Olivine, phlogopite, garnet, diopside]
1. Blue, green, or black
2. Lamprophyritic; Coarse, porphyritic
3. Source of diamonds
Latite [Andesine, sanidine, augite, amphibole, quartz, biotite, magnetite, hematite, apatite]
1. White to grey, yellow, or red
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. None
Leucitophyre [Feldspar, leucite, pyroxene, nepheline, phlogopite, amphibole]
1. Grey, with white spots
2. Extrusive; Fine to medium, porphyritic
Lherzolite [Olivine, pyroxene, spinel, garnet, hornblende, chromite]
1. Dark green to black
2. Intrusive; Medium
3. Scientific
Melilitite [Melilite, augite, olivine, perovskite, chromite, picotite, melanite, phlogopite, apatite, sphene]
1. Grey, or light brown
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Scientific
Microsyenite [Feldspar, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, quartz]
1. Grey, red, pink, or brown
2. Intrusive; Medium, granular
Minette [Biotite,diopside, orthoclase, olivine, augite, hornblende, plaagioclase, calcite, chlorite]
1. Black, or brown
2. Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
3. Scientific
Missourite [Pseudo-leucite, pyroxene, olivine, biotite, metals]
1. Grey to black
2. Intrusive; Coarse
3. Scientific
Monzonite [Plagioclase, feldspar, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, quartz, apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, zircon]
1. Light green, or grey
2. Intrusive; Coarse
3. Rarely used in building
Obsidian [Feldspar, quartz, ilmenite, magnetite]
1. Black, or red
2. Extrusive; Amorphous, glassy
3. Cutting tool, gemstone
Pegmatite [Granite, gabbro, syenite, quartz, feldspar, beryl, bismuthinite, borax, cassiterite, columnite, spodumene, molybdenite, tantalite, uraninite, wolframite]
1. White, pink, red
2. Hypabyssal; Coarse, parallel crystals
3. Mining for minerals and gemstones
Nephelinite [Nepheline, augite, olivine, sphene, perovskite, melilite, nosean, sodalite, hauyne, zeolites]
1. Light grey, green, or rose
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Rarely used in building
Peridotite [Olivine, hornblende, mica, augite, garnet, spinel, apatite, chromite, magnite, pyrrotite]
1. Green to black
2. Hypabyssal; Medium, granular
3. Mined for ores
Phonolite [Feldspar, sanidine, nepheline, aegirine, amphibole]
1. Dark green to grey
2. Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
3. Source of diamonds
Pitchstone [Feldspar, quartz]
1. Black, brown, green, or grey in dark shades
2. Extrusive; Medium to coarse, glassy
Pumice [Silicates, calcite, glass]
1. Grey, yellow, rosy
2. Extrusive; Pock-holed, porous, floats, amorphous
3. Scourer, abrasive, polisher, railroad ballast; and in sound proofing tiles, precast masonry, plaster, concrete
Pyroxinite [Iron and magnesium minerals, mica, hornblende, olivine]
1. Green to black
2. Intrusive; Medium to coarse, granular
3. Mined for platinum and palladium
Quartz Porphyry [Quartz, feldspar, mica, chalcopyrite, apatite, calcite, hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite, molybdenite, zircon]
1. Grey, pink, red, or violet
2. Dike; Rough surface
3. Mined for minerals; ornamental stones, building façades, gravel, ballast
Rhyolite [Feldspar, mica, quartz, hornblende]
1. Grey, brown, or reddish
2. Extrusive; Fine to very fine, round cavities, hollow sacs
3. Architectural bosses and ashlars
Serpentinite [Silica, antigorite, chrysotile, garnet, hornblende, mica, chromite]
1. Green to black
2. Intrusive; Medium to coarse, snakeskin patterns, compact
3. Mined for chromium
Shonkinite [Augite, feldspar, nepheline, olivine, hornblende, biotite, aegirine]
1. Blackish grey
2. Intrusive; Coarse
3. Scientific
Spessartite [Hornblende, plagioclase, augite, biotite, olivine, diopside, orthoclase]
1. Dark
2. Lamprophyritic; Fine to medium
3. Scientific
Syenite [Feldspar, quartz, biotite, mica, hornblende, augite, nepheline]
1. Red, pink, grey, or white
2. Intrusive; Coarse, equigranular
3. Polished slabs
Tephrite [Nepheline, leucite, plagioclase, pyroxenes, hornblende, biolite, sodalite, analcime, magnetite]
1. Dark grey
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Rarely used in building
Tonalite [Plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite, orthoclase, apatite, sphene, magnetite, zircon, pyroxene, epidote]
1. Blackish grey
2. Intrusive; Coarse
3. Building
Trachyte [Feldspar, nepheline, quartz, mica, aegirine, augite, hornblende]
1. Grey, brown, pink, red, or white, in light tones
2. Extrusive; Fine, porphyritic
3. Road paving
Troctolite [Plagioclase, olivine]
1. Grey, with black or brown or red spots
2. Intrusive; Coarse, granular
Tuff [Feldspar, mica, quartz, hornblende, ash]
1. Grey, rose, green, yellow, or brown
2. Extrusive; Fine
3. Cement

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