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Home › Science › Earth Sciences › Geology › Features of Folds and Faults

Features of Folds and Faults

Forms of Folding Rocks

Anticline:
An anticline is a rock bed that is upfolded into an arch from a few feet to many miles across. If it contains many lesser folds, it is an anticlinorium. A huge anticline is a geanticline.
Monocline:
A monocline is a steep step-like fold, bounded by upper and lower bends in a set of rock layers.
Nappe:
A nappe is a recumbent fold sheared through so that the upper side is forced forward a number of miles. A nappe with rocks forced over each other is an imbricate structure.
Overfold:
An overfold is a lopsided anticline with one side forced over the other.
Pericline:
A pericline is an anticline in the form of an elongated dome.
Syncline:
A syncline is downfolded sedimentary rock layers that form a basin. If it has subsidiary synclines, it is a synclinorium. An immense syncline is a geosyncline.





Faults

Graben:
A graben is a long, narrow block sunk between two parallel faults.
Horst:
A horst is a horizontal block raised between two normal faults.
Normal fault:
A normal fault occurs when stretching breaks rocks along a steep fault plane and one block drops or rises against the other.
Reverse fault:
A reverse fault occurs when compression forces one block up and over another. A thrust fault is a reverse fault with a low-angled fault plane producing great horizontal movement.
Tear fault:
A tear fault is a horizontal shearing along a vertical fault plane. A transfer fault is a tear fault at right angle to an oceanic ridge.
Tilt block:
A tilt block is an uplifted, tilted block.




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