Definitions
- An acid is a solution having an excess of H+ ions. It turns blue litmus paper red.
- A weak acid has a pH of 3-6.
- A strong acid has a pH of 0-3.
- A base has an excess of OH- ions. It turns red litmus paper blue.
- A weak base has a pH of 8-10.
- A strong base has a pH of 10-14.
- A neutral solution has a pH of 7.
Reactions
- Many nonmetallic oxides react with water to form acids.
- Many metallic oxides react with water to form bases.
Acids
Common Name | Formula |
Acetic | C2H4O2 |
Ascorbic | H2C6H6O6 |
Boric | H3BO3 |
Carbonic | H2CO3 |
Chlorus | HClO2 |
Citric | C3H6O3 |
Cyanic | HCNO |
Formic (Methanoic) | H2CO2 |
Hydrobromic | HBr |
Hydrochloric | HCl |
Hydrofluoric | HF |
Hydrogen Peroxide | H2O2 |
Iodic | HIO3 |
Lactic | HC3H5O3 |
Nitric | HNO2 |
Nitrous | HNO2 |
Oxalic | H3C6H5O7 |
Phosphoric | H3PO4 |
Phosphorus | C2H4O2 |
Salicylic | HC7H5O3 |
Sulfuric | H2SO4 |
Sulfurous | H2SO3 |
Bases
Common Name | Formula |
Ammonium Hydroxide | NH4OH |
Barium Hydroxide | Ba(OH)2 |
Calcium Hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
Cesium Hydroxide | CsOH |
Lithium Hydroxide | LiOH |
Potassium Hydroxide | KOH |
Rubidium Hydroxide | RbOH |
Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
Strontium Hydroxide | Sr(OH)2 |