Definitions
- An acid is a solution having an excess of H+ ions. It turns blue litmus paper red.
- A weak acid has a pH of 3-6.
- A strong acid has a pH of 0-3.
- A base has an excess of OH- ions. It turns red litmus paper blue.
- A weak base has a pH of 8-10.
- A strong base has a pH of 10-14.
- A neutral solution has a pH of 7.
Reactions
- Many nonmetallic oxides react with water to form acids.
- Many metallic oxides react with water to form bases.
Acids
| Common Name | Formula |
| Acetic | C2H4O2 |
| Ascorbic | H2C6H6O6 |
| Boric | H3BO3 |
| Carbonic | H2CO3 |
| Chlorus | HClO2 |
| Citric | C3H6O3 |
| Cyanic | HCNO |
| Formic (Methanoic) | H2CO2 |
| Hydrobromic | HBr |
| Hydrochloric | HCl |
| Hydrofluoric | HF |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | H2O2 |
| Iodic | HIO3 |
| Lactic | HC3H5O3 |
| Nitric | HNO2 |
| Nitrous | HNO2 |
| Oxalic | H3C6H5O7 |
| Phosphoric | H3PO4 |
| Phosphorus | C2H4O2 |
| Salicylic | HC7H5O3 |
| Sulfuric | H2SO4 |
| Sulfurous | H2SO3 |
Bases
| Common Name | Formula |
| Ammonium Hydroxide | NH4OH |
| Barium Hydroxide | Ba(OH)2 |
| Calcium Hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
| Cesium Hydroxide | CsOH |
| Lithium Hydroxide | LiOH |
| Potassium Hydroxide | KOH |
| Rubidium Hydroxide | RbOH |
| Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
| Strontium Hydroxide | Sr(OH)2 |
