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• Born in Italy.
• On learning about the invention of telescopes, he built his own.
• Through his telescope, he saw the craters and the mountains of the Moon, the four satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and many stars in the Milky Way.
• He was forced by the Church to denounce the theory that Earth moves around the Sun.

Johann Gottfried Galle (1812-1910)

• Born in Germany.
• He discovered the planet Neptune, whose existence had been postulated by Leverrier.

George Gamow (1904-1968)

• Born in Ukraine.
• He showed that stars shine by nuclear reactions, mainly from the conversion of hydrogen into helium.
• He believed that the creation of Earth resulted from a hot big bang.
• He felt that remnants of the big bang in the form of weak radiation are coming to Earth from all directions.

David Gill (1843-1914)

• Born in Scotland.
• Upon developing a photograph of a comet, he discovered that it showed hundred of stars as well.
• Through future work in this line, he started the construction of a photographic atlas, which was completed after his death.

John Goodricke (1764-1786)

• Born in Holland.
• Although deaf and dumb and dying very young, he studied variable stars.
• He discovered that Algolis is not a variable star, but one of two stars known as eclipsing binaries. He found the same for Beta Lyrae, which lies close to Vega.
• He also discovered Delta Cephei, a true variable.