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Home › Health › Anatomy › Water

Water





Water, electrolytes, and an acid-base balance are very important in the proper function of the body, particularly the urinary system.

Between 50% and 70% of a person’s weight is water: 60% for the adult male and 50% in the adult female. An infant is composed of 75% water.

Because adipose tissue contains less water than muscle tissue, the obese have less water than a thin person.

Water and electrolytes are distributed into two major compartments: intracellular and extracellular.

  • Intracellular compartments hold the most water in the body – 63%. Intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium ions.
  • Extracellular water (37%) is found between cells (interstitial fluid), within blood vessels (plasma), and within lymphatic vessels (lymph).
    • Transcellularfluid is also extracellular fluid that includes:
      • cerebrospinal fluid
      • aqueous and vitreous humors in the eyes
      • synovial fluids of joints
      • serous fluids in body cavities
      • glandular secretions
    • Interstitial fluids and plasma comprise the largest amounts of extracellular fluids.

Water metabolism consists of a daily intake of approximately 2,500 ml of water with 60% coming from drinking, 30% from water in foods, and 10% from the breakdown of foods.

The thirst center is in the hypothalamus of the brain. Water elimination occurs through several routes:

  • kidneys (60%),
  • skin and lungs (28%)
  • feces (6%)
  • sweating (6%).




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