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Home › Health › Anatomy › Muscle Terminology

Muscle Terminology





Terms Indicating Direction Relative to Body Axes:

  • Anterior (front)
  • Externus (superficial)
  • Extrinsic (outside)
  • Inferioris (inferior)
  • Internus (deep, internal)
  • Intrinsic (inside)
  • Lateralis (lateral)
  • Medialis/Medius (medial, middle)
  • Obliquus (oblique)
  • Posterior (back)
  • Profundus (deep)
  • Rectus (straight, parallel)
  • Superficialis (superficial)
  • Superioris (superior)
  • Transversus (transverse)

Terms Indicating Specific Regions:

  • Abdominus (abdomen)
  • Anconeus (elbow)
  • Auricularis (auricle of the ear)
  • Brachialis (brachium)
  • Capitis (head)
  • Carpi (wrist)
  • Cervicis (neck)
  • Cleido/clavius (clavicle)
  • Coccygeus (coccyx)
  • Costalis (ribs)
  • Cutaneous (skin)
  • Femoris (femur)
  • Genio- (chin)
  • Glosso/glossal (tongue)
  • Hallucis (great toe)
  • Ilio- (ilium)
  • Inguinal (groin)
  • Lumborum (lumbar region)
  • Nasalis (nose)
  • Nuchal (back of the neck)
  • Oculo- (eye)
  • Oris (mouth)
  • Palpebrae (eyelid)
  • Pollicis (thumb)
  • Popliteus (behind the knee)
  • Psoas (loin)
  • Radialis (radius)
  • Scapularis (scapula)
  • Temporalis (temples)
  • Thoracis (thoracic region)
  • Tibialis (tibia)
  • Ulnaris (ulna)
  • Uro- (urinary)

Terms Indicating Structural Characteristics:

Origin:

  • Biceps (two heads)
  • Triceps (three heads)
  • Quadriceps (four heads)

Terms Indicating Shape, Size, and Color:

  • Alba (white)
  • Brevis (short)
  • Deltoid (triangle)
  • Gracilis (slender)
  • Lata (wide)
  • Latissimus (widest)
  • Longus (long)
  • Magnus (large)
  • Major (larger)
  • Maximus (largest)
  • Minimus (smallest)
  • Minor (smaller)
  • Orbicularis (circle)
  • Pectinate (comblike)
  • Piriformis (pear-shaped)
  • Platys- (flat)
  • Pyramidal (pyramid)
  • Rhomboideus (rhomboid)
  • Serratus (serrated)
  • Splenius (bandage)
  • Teres (long and round)
  • Trapezius (trapezoid)
  • Vastus (huge or great)

Terms Indicating Direction of Fibers:

  • Rectus (straight)
  • Oblique (diagonal)
  • Transverse (across)
  • Circularis (circular)

Terms Indicating Body Location:

  • Brachii (arm)
  • Gluteus (buttocks)
  • Infra (below)
  • Lateralis (lateral)
  • Pectoralis (chest)
  • Sub (underneath)
  • Supra (above)

Terms Indicating Action:

  • Abduction: moves away from the midline
  • Adduction: moves closer to the midline
  • Depressor
  • Extension: increases the angle of a joint
  • Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
  • Levator
  • Pronation: turns the palm of the hand down
  • Rotation: moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
  • Supination: turns the palm of the hand up
  • Tensor
  • Dorsiflexion: elevates the foot
  • Plantar flexion: lowers the foot, pointing the toes




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