Muscles of the hip and leg: (Name, Origin, Insertion, Action)
Iliopsoas:
- Iliacus: medial surface of ilium – femur distal to lesser trochanter and tendon fused with that of psoas major – flexes hip and / or lumbar spine
- Psoas major: anterior surfaces and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae – femur distal to lesser trochanter in company with iliacus – flexes hip and / or lumbar spine
- Gluteus maximus: iliac crest of ilium, sacrum, and coccyx – iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur – extension and lateral rotation of femur at hip joint
- Gluteus medius: anterior iliac crest and lateral surface of ilium – greater tochanter of femur – abduction and medial rotation of femur at hip joint
- Gluteus minimus: lateral surface of ilium – greater trochanter of femur – abduction and medial rotation at hip joint
- Tensor fasciae latae: iliac crest and surface of ilium between anterior iliac spines – iliotibial tract – flexion, abduction, and medial rotation at hip joint – tenses fascia lata which laterally supports the thigh
- Quadriceps femoris group (Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius): Ilium and femur – tibia – flexes femur and extends lower leg
- Hamstring group (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus): Ischium – tibia and fibula – extends femur and flexes lower leg
- Adductor group:
- Adductor brevis – ramus of pubis – linea aspera of femur – adduction at hip joint
- Adductor longus – ramus of pubis – linea aspera of femur – adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip joint
- Adductor magnus – ramus of pubis – linea aspera of femur – adduction at hip joint, anterior portion produces flexion, and posterior portion produces extension
- Pectineus – ramus of pubis – inferior to lesser trochanter of femur – adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip joint hip
- Gracilis – inferior rami of pubis and ischium – anterior surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle – flexes knee and adducts hip
- Gastrocnemius: femur – calcaneus (Achilles tendon) – plantar flexes foot
- Soleus: tibia and fibula – calcaneus – plantar flexes foot
- Tibialis anterior: tibia – metatarsals – dorsiflexes foot
Flexors:
- Biceps femoris: inferior surface of ischium and linea aspera of femur – head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia – flexes knee and extends and adducts hip
- Semimembranous: inferior surface of ischium – posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia – flexes knee and produces extension, adduction, and medial rotation at hip
- Semitendinosus: inferior surface of ischium – proximal, posterior, and medial surface of tibia – flexes knee and produces extension, adduction, and medial rotation at hip
- Sartorius: anterior superior spine of ilium – medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity – flexes knee and produces flexion and lateral rotation at hip
- Popliteus: lateral condyle of femur – posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft – rotates tibia medially or rotates femur laterally
Extensors:
- Rectus femoris: anterior inferior spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium – tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament – extends knee and flexes hip
- Vastus intermedius: anterior and lateral surface of femur along linea aspera – tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament – extends knee
- Vastus lateralis: anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera – tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament – extends knee
- Vastus medialis: entire length of linea aspera of femur – tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament – extends knee
