Muscles of the head and neck: (Name, Origin, Insertion, Action)
- Buccinator: Maxillary bone and mandible – Blends into fibers of orbicularis oris – Compresses cheeks (whistling, chewing, etc)
- Depressor anguli oris: Mandibular body – Skin at angle of mouth – Depresses corners of mouth
- Digastric: Mastoid region of temporal and inferior surface of chin – Hyoid bone – Depresses mandible and / or elevates larynx
- Frontalis: Galea aponeurotica – Flat muscle covering the forehead – Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
- Levator palpebrae superioris: Back of eye (sphenoid bone) to upper eyelid – Opens eye
- Masseter: Maxilla and zygomatic arch – Mandible – Closes jaw
- Mylohyoid: Medial surface of mandible – Median connective tissue band – Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid, and / or depresses mandible
- Occipitalis: Occipital bone – Galea aponeurotica – Tenses, retracts scalp
- Orbicularis oculi: Medial side of orbit – Encircles eye – Closes eye
- Orbicularis oris: Maxillary bone and mandible – Lips – Compresses and purses lips (kissing)
- Platysma: From cartilage of second rib to acromion of scapula – Mandible and skin of cheek – Tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible
- Pterygoids: Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid – Inferior processes of sphenoid – Median surface of mandible
- Semispinalis capitis: 7th Clavical and first 6 thoracic vertebrae – Occipital bone – Extends head and neck
- Sternocleidomastoid: Sternum and clavicle – Temporal bone (mastoid process) – Flexes head and neck
- Sternohyoid: Clavicle and sternum – Hyoid bone – Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid and / or depresses mandible
- Sternothyroid: Dorsal surface of sternum and 1st rib – Thyroid cartilage of larynx – Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid, and / or depresses mandible
- Stylohyoid: Styloid process of temporal bone – Hyoid bone – Elevates larynx
- Temporalis: Along temporal lines of skull – Coronoid process of mandible – Closes jaw
- Trapezius: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae – Acromion and spine of scapula and clavicle – Depends on active region and state of other muscles, may elevate, adduct, depress, or rotate scapula and / or elevate clavicle and can also extend of hyperextend neck so as to look at the sky, elevates shoulder and pulls it back (shrugging)
- Zygomaticus: Zygomatic bone – Angle of mouth – Draws up corners of mouth (smiling)
