- The Vikings (10th and 11th Centuries)
- Made an expedition from the Baltic through Ukraine to the Black Sea
- Made an expedition down the Volga River to the Caspian Sea
- Eric the Red (c950-c1010)
- Sailed west from Iceland to Greenland, where he founded a colony (c982)
- Leif Ericsson (c975-1020)
- Sailed west from Greenland to Baffin Island, Labrador, and Newfoundland (c1000)
- Bjarni Herjolfsson (????-????)
- Sighted land west of Greenland, but did not investigate it (985)
